Human Health-Epidemiology

Animal Studies

Mechanism Papers

Exposure & General Reviews

Authors	Gardiner K, van Tongeren M, Harrington M.
Title	Respiratory health effects from exposure to carbon black: results of the phase 2and 3 cross sectional studies in the European carbon black manufacturingindustry.
Year	2001
Citation	Occup Environ Med. 2001 Aug;58(8):496-503.

Authors	Goud KI, Hasan Q, Balakrishna N, Rao KP, Ahuja YR.
Title	Genotoxicity evaluation of individuals working with photocopying machines.
Year	2004
Citation	Mutat Res. 2004 Oct 10;563(2):151-8.

Authors	Harber P, Muranko H, Solis S, Torossian A, Merz B.
Title	Effect of carbon black exposure on respiratory function and symptoms.
Year	2003
Citation	J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):144-55.

Authors	van Tongeren MJ, Gardiner K, Rossiter CE, Beach J, Harber P, Harrington MJ.
Title	Longitudinal analyses of chest radiographs from the European Carbon BlackRespiratory Morbidity Study
Year	2002
Citation	Eur Respir J. 2002 Aug;20(2):417-25.

Authors	Parent ME, Siemiatycki J, Fritschi L.
Title	Workplace exposures and oesophagealcancer.
Year	2000
Citation	Occup & Environ Med 2000; 57: 325-34.

Authors	Pope CA 3rd, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE, Krewski D, Ito K, Thurston GD.
Title	Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution.
Year	2002
Citation	JAMA. 2002 Mar 6;287(9):1132-41.

Authors	Puntoni R, Ceppi M, Gennaro V, Ugolini D, Puntoni M, La Manna G, Casella C,Merlo DF.
Title	Occupational exposure to carbon black and risk of cancer.
Year	2004
Citation	Cancer Causes Control. 2004 Jun;15(5):511-6.

Authors	Puntoni R, Ceppi M, Reggiardo G, Merlo F.
Title	Occupational exposure to carbon black and risk of bladder cancer.
Year	2001
Citation	Lancet. 2001 Aug 18;358(9281):562.

Authors	Sorahan T, Hamilton L, van Tongeren M, Gardiner K, Harrington JM.
Title	A cohort mortality study of U.K. carbon black workers, 1951-1996.
Year	2001
Citation	Am J Ind Med. 2001 Feb;39(2):158-70.

Authors	Straif K, Chambless L, Weiland SK et al.
Title	Occupational risk factors for mortalityfrom stomach and lung cancer among rubber workers: An analysis using internalcontrols and refined exposure assessment.
Year	1999
Citation	Internat J Epidemiol 1999; 28: 1037-43.

Authors	Straif K, Keil U, Taeger D et al.
Title	Exposure to nitrosamines, carbon black,asbestos, and talc and mortality from stomach, lung, and laryngeal cancer in a cohortof rubber workers.
Year	2000
Citation	Amer J Epidemiol 2000; 152: 297-306.

Authors	Weiland SK, Straif K, Chambless L, Werner B, Mundt KA, Bucher A, Birk T, Keil U.
Title	Workplace risk factors for cancer in the German rubber industry: Part 1. Mortality from respiratory cancers.
Year	1998
Citation	Occup Environ Med. 1998 May;55(5):317-24.

Authors	van Tongeren MJ, Gardiner K, Rossiter CE, Beach J, Harber P, Harrington MJ.
Title	Longitudinal analyses of chest radiographs from the European Carbon BlackRespiratory Morbidity Study
Year	2002
Citation	Eur Respir J. 2002 Aug;20(2):417-25.

Authors	van Tongeren MJ, Kromhout H, Gardiner K, Calvert IA, Harrington JM.
Title	Assessment of the sensitivity of the relation between current exposure to carbonblack and lung function parameters when using different grouping schemes
Year	1999
Citation	Am J Ind Med. 1999 Nov;36(5):548-56.

Authors	Weiland SK, Straif K, Chambless L, Werner B, Mundt KA, Bucher A, Birk T, Keil U.
Title	Workplace risk factors for cancer in the German rubber industry: Part 1. Mortality from respiratory cancers.
Year	1998
Citation	Occup Environ Med. 1998 May;55(5):317-24.

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Authors	Arts JHE, Spoor SM, Muijser H.
Title	Short-term inhalation exposure of healthy andcompromised rats and mice to fine and ultrafine carbon particles.
Year	2000
Citation	Inhal Toxicol 2000;12 (Suppl 3): 261-66.

Authors	Bermudez E, Mangum JB, Wong BA, Asgharian B, Hext PM, Warheit DB, Everitt JI.
Title	Pulmonary responses of mice, rats, and hamsters to subchronic inhalation of ultrafine titanium dioxide particles.
Year	2004
Citation	Toxicol Sci. 2004 Feb;77(2):347-57. Epub 2003 Nov 4.

Authors	Donaldson K.
Title	Nonneoplastic lung responses induced in experimental animals byexposure to poorly soluble nonfibrous particles.
Year	2000
Citation	Inhal Toxicol 2000; 12: 121-39.

Authors	Driscoll KE, Carter JM, Borm PJ.
Title	Antioxidant defense mechanisms and the toxicity of fibrous and nonfibrous particles.
Year	2002
Citation	Inhal Toxicol. 2002 Jan;14(1):101-18.

Authors	Ernst H, Rittinghausen S, Bartsch W, Creutzenberg O, Dasenbrock C, Gorlitz BD,Hecht M, Kairies U, Muhle H, Muller M, Heinrich U, Pott F.
Title	Pulmonary inflammation in rats after intratracheal instillation of quartz,amorphous SiO2, carbon black, and coal dust and the influence ofpoly-2-vinylpyridine-N-oxide (PVNO).
Year	2002
Citation	Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2002 Aug;54(2):109-26.

Authors	Gallagher J, Sams R 2nd, Inmon J, Gelein R, Elder A, Oberdorster G, Prahalad AK.
Title	Formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2' deoxyguanosine in rat lung DNA followingsubchronic inhalation of carbon black.
Year	2003
Citation	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Aug 1;190(3):224-31.

Authors	Kleinman MT, Bufalino C, Rasmussen R, Hyde D, Bhalla DK, Mautz WJ.
Title	Toxicity of chemical components of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) inhaled by aged rats.
Year	2000
Citation	J Appl Toxicol. 2000 Sep-Oct;20(5):357-64.

Authors	Li XY, Brown D, Smith S, MacNee W, Donaldson K.
Title	Short-term inflammatoryresponses following intratracheal instillation of fine and ultrafine carbon black in rats.
Year	1999
Citation	Inhal Toxicol 1999; 11: 709-31.

Authors	Lundborg M, Johansson A, Lastbom L, Camner P.
Title	Ingested aggregates ofultrafine carbon particles and interferon-gamma impair rat alveolar macrophagefunction.
Year	1999
Citation	Environ Res 1999; 81: 309-15.

Authors	Medeiros N Jr, Rivero DH, Kasahara DI, Saiki M, Godleski JJ, Koutrakis P,Capelozzi VL, Saldiva PH, Antonangelo L.
Title	Acute pulmonary and hematological effects of two types of particle surrogates are influenced by their elemental composition.
Year	2004
Citation	Environ Res. 2004 May;95(1):62-70.

Authors	Muhle H, Bellmann B, Creutzenberg O, et al.
Title	Pulmonary response to toner, TiO2 and crystalline silica upon chronic inhalation exposure in Syrian golden hamsters
Year	1998
Citation	Inhal Toxicol 10 (7): 699-729 JUL 1998

Authors	Nikula KJ, Avila KJ, Griffith WC, Mauderly JL.
Title	Sites of particle rentention and lung tissue responses to chronically inhaled diesel exhaust and coal dust in rats and cynomolgus monkeys.
Year	1997
Citation	Environ Health Perspectives 1997; 105(suppl 5): 1231-34.

Authors	Nikula KJ, Vallyathan V, Green FH, Hahn FF.
Title	Influence of exposure concentration or dose on the distribution of particulate material in rat and human lungs.
Year	2001
Citation	Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Apr;109(4):311-8.

Authors	Nikula KJ.
Title	Rat lung tumors induced by exposure to selected poorly solublenonfibrous particles
Year	2000
Citation	Inhal Toxicol 2000; 12: 97-119.

Authors	Oberdorster G, Sharp Z, Atudorei V et al.
Title	Extrapulmonary translocation of ultrafine carbon particles following whole-body inhalation exposure of rats.
Year	2002
Citation	J Toxicol& Environ Health Part A 2002; 65: 1531-43.

Authors	Rittinghausen S, Mohr U, Dungworth DL.
Title	Pulmonary cystic keratinizingsquamous cell lesions of rats after inhalation/instillation of different particles.
Year	1997
Citation	Exper& Toxicol Pathol 1997; 49:433-46

Authors	Elder A, Gelein R, Finkelstein JN, Driscoll KE, Harkema J, Oberdorster G.
Title	Effects of Subchronically Inhaled Carbon Black in Three Species. I. Retention Kinetics, Lung Inflammation, and Histopathology.
Year	2005
Citation	Toxicol Sci. 2005 Sep 21; [Epub ahead of print]

Authors	Morfeld P, Albrecht C, Drommer W, Borm PJA
Title	Dose-response and threshold analysis of tumour prevalence after intratracheal instillation of six types of low and high surface area particles in a chronic rat experiment
Year	2005
Citation	Inhalation Toxicology (In press)

Authors	Valberg PA, Crouch EAC. .
Title	Meta-analysis of rat lung tumors from lifetimeinhalation of diesel exhaust
Year	1999
Citation	Environ Health Perspectives 1999; 107: 693-99.

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Authors	Barlow PG, Donaldson K, MacCallum J, Clouter A, Stone V
Title	Serum exposed to nanoparticle carbon black displays increased potential to induce macrophage migration
Year	2005
Citation	Toxicology Letters 155 (3): 397-401 MAR 15 2005

Authors	Beck-Speier I, Dayal N, Karg E, Maier KL, Schumann G, Schulz H, Semmler M,
Title	Oxidative stress and lipid mediators induced in alveolar macrophages byultrafine particles.
Year
Citation	Free Radic Biol Med. 2005 Apr 15;38(8):1080-92.

Authors	Beck-Speier I, Dayal N, Karg E, Maier KL, Roth C, Ziesenis A, Heyder J.
Title	Agglomerates of ultrafine particles of elemental carbon and TiO2 induce generation of lipid mediators in alveolar macrophages.
Year	2001
Citation	Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Aug;109 Suppl 4:613-8.
Topic	Surface area vs mass determines effects

Authors	Belinskey SA, Swafford DS, Finch GL et al.
Title	Alterations in the K-ras and p53 genes in rat lung tumors.
Year	1997
Citation	Environ Health Perspectives 1997; 105(Suppl 4): 901-906.
Topic	p53 is not associated with exp to CB

Authors	Borm PJ, Cakmak G, Jermann E, Weishaupt C, Kempers P, van Schooten FJ, Oberdorster G, Schins RP.
Title	Formation of PAH-DNA adducts after in vivo and vitro exposure of rats and lung cells to different commercial carbon blacks.
Year	2005
Citation	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Jun 1;205(2):157-67.
Topic	Bioavailability of PAHs bound to CB

Authors	Borm PJ, Schins RP, Albrecht C.
Title	Inhaled particles and lung cancer, part B: paradigms and risk assessm
Year	2004
Citation	Int J Cancer. 2004 May 20;110(1):3-14.
Topic	Very good review of rat tumor mechanism

Authors	Brown DM, Donaldson K, Borm PJ, Schins RP, Dehnhardt M, Gilmour P, Jimenez LA,Stone V.
Title	Calcium and ROS-mediated activation of transcription factors and TNF-alpha cytokine gene expression in macrophages exposed to ultrafine particles.
Year	2004
Citation	Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004 Feb;286(2):L344-53. Epub 2003 Oct 10.

Authors	Brown DM, Stone V, Findlay P, MacNee W, Donaldson K.
Title	Increased inflammation and intracellular calcium caused by ultrafine carbonblack is independent of transition metals or other soluble components.
Year	2000
Citation	Occup Environ Med. 2000 Oct;57(10):685-91.
Topic	Effects not related to associated metals etc.

Authors	Brown DM, Wilson MR, MacNee W, Stone V, Donaldson K.
Title	Size-dependent proinflammatory effects of ultrafine polystyrene particles: a role for surface area and oxidative stress in the enhanced activity ofultrafines.
Year	2001
Citation	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2001 Sep 15;175(3):191-9.

Authors	Chang CC, Chiu HF, Wu YS, Li YC, Tsai ML, Shen CK, Yang CY.
Title	The induction of vascular endothelial growth factor by ultrafine carbon blackcontributes to the increase of alveolar-capillary permeability.
Year	2005
Citation	Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr;113(4):454-60.
Topic	Increase alveolar-capillary permeability

Authors	Dasenbrock C, Peters L, Creutzenberg O, Heinrich U.
Title	The carcinogenic potency of carbon particles with and without PAH after repeated intratracheal administration in the rat.
Year	1996
Citation	Toxicol Lett. 1996 Nov;88(1-3):15-21.
Topic

Authors	Dick CAJ, Brown DM, Donaldson K, Stone V.
Title	The role of free radicals in thetoxic and inflammatory effects of four different ultrafine particle types.
Year	2003
Citation	InhalToxicol 2003; 15: 39-52.
Topic	Oxidative stress mechanism

Authors	Don Porto Carero A, Hoet PH, Verschaeve L, Schoeters G, Nemery B.
Title	Genotoxic effects of carbon black particles, diesel exhaust particles, and urbanair particulates and their extracts on a human alveolar epithelial cell line(A549) and a human monocytic cell line (THP-1).
Year	2001
Citation	Environ Mol Mutagen. 2001;37(2):155-63.

Authors	Driscoll KE, Deyo LC, Carter JM, Howard BW, Hassenbein DG, Bertram TA.
Title	Effects of particle exposure and particle-elicited inflammatory cells on mutation in rat alveolar epithelial cells.
Year	1997
Citation	Carcinogenesis. 1997 Feb;18(2):423-30.

Authors	Furukawa Y, Aizawa Y, Okada M, Watanabe M, Niitsuya M, Kotani M.
Title	Negativeeffect of photocopier toner on alveolar macrophages determined by in vitromagnetometric evaluation.
Year	2002
Citation	Indust Health 2002; 40: 214-21.

Authors	Gallagher J, Sams R 2nd, Inmon J, Gelein R, Elder A, Oberdorster G, Prahalad AK.
Title	Formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2' deoxyguanosine in rat lung DNA followingsubchronic inhalation of carbon black.
Year	2003
Citation	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Aug 1;190(3):224-31.

Authors	Gilmour PS, Ziesenis A, Morrison ER, Vickers MA, Drost EM, Ford I, Karg E, Mossa C, Schroeppel A, Ferron GA, Heyder J, Greaves M, MacNee W, Donaldson K.
Title	Pulmonary and systemic effects of short-term inhalation exposure to ultrafine carbon black particles.
Year	2004
Citation	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 Feb 15;195(1):35-44.

Authors	Greim H, Borm P, Schins R, Donaldson K, Driscoll K, Hartwig A, Kuempel E, Oberdorster G, Speit G.
Title	Toxicity of fibers and particles. Report of the workshop held in Munich,Germany, 26-27 October 2000.
Year	2001
Citation	Inhal Toxicol. 2001 Sep;13(9):737-54.

Authors	Hesterberg TW, Bunn WB, McClellan RO, Hart GA, Lapin CA. ;
Title	Carcinogenicity studies of diesel engine exhausts in laboratory animals: a review of past studies and a discussion of future research needs.
Year	2005
Citation	Crit Rev Toxicol. 2005 Jun;35(5):379-411.

Authors	Kim HJ, Liu XD, Kobayashi T et al.
Title	Ultrafine carbon black particles inhibithuman lung fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction.
Year	2003
Citation	AmerJ Resp Cell &Molecular Biol 2003; 28: 111-21.

Authors	Kim YM, Reed W, Lenz AG, Jaspers I, Silbajoris R, Nick HS, Samet JM.
Title	Ultrafine carbon particles induce interleukin-8 gene transcription and p38 MAPKactivation in normal human bronchial epithelial cells.
Year	2005
Citation	Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005 Mar;288(3):L432-41.

Authors	Long JF, Waldman WJ, Kristovich R, Williams M, Knight D, Dutta PK.
Title	Comparison of ultrastructural cytotoxic effects of carbon and carbon/iron particulates on human monocyte-derived macrophages.
Year	2005
Citation	Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Feb;113(2):170-4.

Authors	Lundborg M, Johard U, Lastbom L, Gerde P, Camner P.
Title	Human alveolarmacrophage phagocytic function is impaired by aggregates of ultrafine carbonparticles.
Year	2001
Citation	Environ Res 2001; 86: 244-53.

Authors	Ma JY, Ma JK.
Title	The dual effect of the particulate and organic components of diesel exhaust particles on the alteration of pulmonary immune/inflammatory responses and metabolic enzymes.
Year	2002
Citation	J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2002 Nov; 20(2):117-47.Review.

Authors	Muller AK, Farombi EO, Moller P, Autrup HN, Vogel U, Wallin H, Dragsted LO, LoftS, Binderup ML.
Title	DNA damage in lung after oral exposure to diesel exhaust particles in Big Blue rats.
Year	2004
Citation	Mutat Res. 2004 Jun 4;550(1-2):123-32.

Authors	Murphy SA, BeruBe KA, Pooley FD, Richards RJ.
Title	The response of lung epithelium to well characterised fine particles.
Year	1998
Citation	Life Sci. 1998;62(19):1789-99.

Authors	Oberdörster G, Sharp Z, Atudorei V, Elder A, Gelein R, Lunts A, Kreyling W, Cox C.
Title	Extrapulmonary translocation of ultrafine carbon particles following whole-body inhalation exposure of rats.
Year	2002
Citation	J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2002 Oct 25;65(20):1531-43.

Authors	Renwick LC, Brown D, Clouter A, Donaldson K.
Title	Increased inflammation and altered macrophage chemotactic responses caused by two ultrafine particle types.
Year	2004
Citation	Occup Environ Med. 2004 May;61(5):442-7.

Authors	Renwick LC, Donaldson K, Clouter A.
Title	Impairment of alveolar macrophage phagocytosis by ultrafine particles.
Year	2001
Citation	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2001 Apr 15; 172(2):119-27.

Authors	Schins RP, Lightbody JH, Borm PJ, Shi T, Donaldson K, Stone V.
Title	Inflammatory effects of coarse and fine particulate matter in relation tochemical and biological constituents.
Year	2004
Citation	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 Feb 15;195(1):1-11.

Authors	Stone V, Shaw J, Brown DM, MacNee W, Faux SP, Donaldson K.
Title	The role of oxidative stress in the prolonged inhibitory effect of ultrafine carbon black on epithelial cell function
Year	1998
Citation	Toxicol in Vitro 1998; 12: 649.

Authors	Stone V, Tuinman M, Vamvakopoulos JE et al.
Title	Increased calcium influx in amonocytic cell line on exposure to ultrafine carbon black.
Year	2000
Citation	European Resp J 2000; 15:297-303.

Authors	Tamaoki J, Isono K, Takeyama K, Tagaya E, Nakata J, Nagai A.
Title	Ultrafine carbon black particles stimulate proliferation of human airway epithelium via EGF receptor-mediated signaling pathway.
Year	2004
Citation	Amer J Physiol-Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiol 2004; 287: L1127-L1133.

Authors	Tran CL, Jones AD, Cullen RT, Donaldson K.
Title	Exploration of the mechanisms of retention and clearance of low-toxicity particles in the rat lung using a mathematical model.
Year	1999
Citation	Inhal Toxicol. 1999 Dec;11(12):1077-108.

Authors	van Zijverden M, van der Pijl A, Bol M et al.
Title	Diesel exhaust, carbon black, andsilica particles display distinct Th1/Th2 modulating activity.
Year	2000
Citation	Toxicol & AppliedPharmacol 2000; 168: 131-39.

Authors	Vermeulen R, Talaska G, Schumann B, Bos RP, Rothman N, Kromhout H.
Title	Urothelial cell DNA adducts in rubber workers.
Year	2002
Citation	Environ & Molecular Mutagenesis2002; 39: 306-13.

Authors	Wilson MR, Lightbody JH, Donaldson K, Sales J, Stone V.
Title	Interactions between ultrafine particles and transition metals in vivo and invitro.
Year	2002
Citation	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Nov 1;184(3):172-9.

Authors	Yang HM, Barger MW, Castranova V, Ma JKH, Yang JJ, Ma JYC.
Title	Effects ofdiesel exhaust particles (DEP), carbon black, and silica on macrophage responses tolipopolysaccharide: Evidence of DEP suppression of macrophage activity.
Year	1999
Citation	J Toxicol& Environ Health 1999; 58: 261-78.

Authors	Zhao HW, Barger MW, Ma JK, Castranova V, Ma JY.
Title	Effects of exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on pulmonary metabolicactivation of mutagenic agents.
Year	2004
Citation	Mutat Res. 2004 Dec 12;564(2):103-13.

Authors	Zhong B, Whong W, Ong T.
Title	Detection of mineral-dust-induced DNA damage intwo mammalian cell lines using the alkaline single cell gel/comet assay.
Year	1997
Citation	Mutation Res1997; 393: 181-87.

Authors	Moeller W, et al.
Title	Ultrafine particles cause cytoskeletal dysfunctions in macrophages: role of intracellular calcium.
Year	2005
Citation	Part Fibre Toxicol. 2005 Oct 4;2(1):7

Authors	Becker S.; et al.
Title	Regulation of cytokine production in human alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells in response to ambient air pollution particles: Further mechanistic studies
Year	2005
Citation	Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2005, 207/2 SUPPL. (S269-S275)

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Authors	Boffetta P, Jourenkova N, Gustavsson P.
Title	Cancer risk from occupational andenvironmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [Review].
Year	1997
Citation	Cancer Causesand Control 1997; 8: 444-72

Authors	Boffetta P.
Title	Epidemiology of environmental and occupational cancer.
Year	2004
Citation	Oncogene. 2004 Aug 23;23(38):6392-403.

Authors	Borm PJ, Schins RP, Albrecht C.
Title	Inhaled particles and lung cancer, part B: paradigms and risk assessment.
Year	2004
Citation	Int J Cancer. 2004 May 20;110(1):3-14.

Authors	Brockmann M, Fischer M, Muller KM.
Title	Exposure to carbon black: a cancer risk?
Year	1998
Citation	Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1998 Mar; 71(2):85-99. Review.

Authors	Cohen SM, Meek ME, Klaunig JE, Patton DE, Fenner-Crisp PA
Title	The human relevance of information on carcinogenic modes of action: overview.
Year	2003
Citation	Crit Rev Toxicol. 2003;33(6):581-9.

Authors	Dellarco VL, Baetcke K.
Title	A risk assessment perspective: application of mode of action and human relevance frameworks to the analysis of rodent tumor data.
Year	2005
Citation	Toxicol Sci. 2005 Jul;86(1):1-3.

Authors	Donaldson K, Stone V, Tran CL, Kreyling W, Borm PJ.
Title	Nanotoxicology.
Year	2004
Citation	Occup Environ Med. 2004 Sep;61(9):727-8.

Authors	Driscoll KE, Carter JM, Borm PJ.
Title	Antioxidant defense mechanisms and the toxicity of fibrous and nonfibrous particles.
Year	2002
Citation	Inhal Toxicol. 2002 Jan;14(1):101-18.

Authors	Forastiere F.
Title	Fine particles and lung cancer.
Year	2004
Citation	Occup Environ Med. 2004 Oct;61(10):797-8.

Authors	Greim H, Borm P, Schins R, Donaldson K, Driscoll K, Hartwig A, Kuempel E, Oberdorster G, Speit G.
Title	Toxicity of fibers and particles. Report of the workshop held in Munich,Germany, 26-27 October 2000.
Year	2001
Citation	Inhal Toxicol. 2001 Sep;13(9):737-54.

Authors	Greim H.
Title	Mechanistic and toxicokinetic data reducing uncertainty in risk assessment.
Year	2003
Citation	Toxicol Lett. 2003 Feb 18;138(1-2):1-8.

Authors	ILSI Life Science Institute.
Title	The relevance of the rat lung response to particleoverload for human risk assessment: A workshop consensus report.
Year	2000
Citation	Inhal Toxicol2000; 12: 1-17.

Authors	Kerr SM, Muranko HJ, Vincent JH.
Title	Personal sampling for inhalable aerosol exposures of carbon black manufacturingindustry workers.
Year	2002
Citation	Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2002 Oct;17(10):681-92.

Authors	Kuhlbusch TA, Neumann S, Fissan H.
Title	Number size distribution, mass concentration, and particle composition of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 in bag filling areas of carbon black production.
Year	2004
Citation	J Occup Environ Hyg. 2004 Oct;1(10):660-71.

Authors	Muranko HJ, Hethmon TA, Smith RG.
Title	Total and respirable dust exposures inthe U.S. carbon black manufacturing industry.
Year	2001
Citation	Amer Indust Hyg Assoc J 2001;62: 57-64.

Authors	Oberdörster G.
Title	Pulmonary effects of inhaled ultrafine particles.
Year	2001
Citation	Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2001 Jan;74(1):1-8.

Authors	Rausch LJ, Bisinger EC Jr, Sharma A.
Title	Carbon black should not be classified as a human carcinogen based on rodentbioassay data.
Year	2004
Citation	Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;40(1):28-41

Authors	Tsai PJ, Shieh HY, Chen HL, Shih TS.
Title	Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarkerof internal dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in carbon black workers.
Year	2002
Citation	AnnOccup Hygiene 2002; 46: 229-35.

Authors	Tsai PJ, Shieh HY, Hsieh LT, Lee WJ.
Title	The fate of PAHs in the carbon black manufacturing process.
Year	2001
Citation	Atmospheric Environ 2001; 35: 3495-3501.

Authors	Tsai PJ, Shieh HY, Lee WJ, Lai SO.
Title	Health-risk assessment for workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in a carbon black manufacturing industry.
Year	2001
Citation	Sci Total Environ. 2001 Oct 20;278(1-3):137-50.

Authors	Tsai PJ, Shieh HY, Lee WJ, Lai SO.
Title	Characterization of PAHs in the atmosphere of carbon black manufacturingworkplaces.
Year	2002
Citation	J Hazard Mater. 2002 Apr 26;91(1-3):25-42.

Authors	Tsai PJ, Shieh HY, Lee WJ, Lai SO.
Title	Characteristics of exposure profiles forworkers exposed to airborne dusts and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) inthe carbon black manufacturing industry.
Year	2001
Citation	J Occup Health 2001; 43: 118-128.

Authors	Tsai PJ, Shih TS, Chen HL, et al.
Title	Assessing and predicting the exposures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their carcinogenic potencies from vehicle engine exhausts to highway toll station workers
Year	2001
Citation	Atmos Environ 38 (2): 333-343 Jan 2004

Authors	van Tongeren MJ, Gardiner K.
Title	Determinants of inhalable dust exposure in the European carbon blackmanufacturing industry
Year	2001
Citation	Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2001 Feb;16(2):237-45.

Authors	van Tongeren MJ, Kromhout H, Gardiner K.
Title	Trends in levels of inhalable dust exposure, exceedance and overexposure in theEuropean carbon black manufacturing industry.
Year	2000
Citation	Ann Occup Hyg. 2000 Jun;44(4):271-80.

Authors	Van Tongeren MJA, Gardiner K, Calvert I, Kromhout H, Harrington JM. .
Title	Efficiency of different grouping schemes for dust exposure in the European carbonblack respiratory morbidity study.
Year	1997
Citation	Occup & Environ Med 1997; 54: 714-19

Authors	Watson AY, Valberg PA.
Title	Carbon black and soot: Two different substances.
Year	2001
Citation	Amer Indust Hygiene Assoc J 2001; 62: 218-28.

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